But that is not the point. The blow with the edge of the hand is given when you are in a position to deliver it and when you are not in a position to strike with the fist.
Conversely, if you are in a position to deliver an effective blow with the fist, as to the jaw, you would use the fist for you are then not in a position to deliver a blow with the edge of the hand.
In the combination trick of wrist escape and neck blow, Book 3, you can twist your wrist free and deliver the cut with the edge of the hand much more quickly than you could hit with the fist.
Furthermore the edge of the hand blow is not expected and consequently not guarded against, whereas the blow with the fist is more likely to be expected and so guarded against.
It is unnecessary to harden the edge of your hand by constant practice to acquire a hard hitting edge. When you deliver the blow, the hand is held straight and rigid and the point impact is the third joint of the little finger.
A woman of ordinary strength can learn to deliver a blow that will knock out the strongest man whereas a blow from her fist on his chin would only annoy him and cut her knuckles.
You may experiment once or twice on friend husband. Tell him to tense his neck, just give him a little tap, and see how he likes it.


EDITOR'S NOTES
EN1. In more precise terms, this point is located immediately below the septum, which is the fleshy piece separating the nostrils. The targets include a bone joint known as the intermaxillary suture and a major facial nerve known as the nasopalatine nerve. The acupressure point is Governing Vessel 26.
EN2. Thumbing is very common in professional boxing, and is a leading cause of retinal injuries. During self-defense training, in his book On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society (Boston: Little, Brown, 1995), Lt. Col. Dave Grossman suggests taping an orange over the Assailant's eye and then having the defender practice pushing hard enough to make the orange squirt.
The Secrets of Jujitsu, A Complete Course in Self Defense, Book III
By Captain Allan Corstorphin Smith, U.S.A.
Winner of the Black Belt, Japan, 1916. Instructor of Hand-to-Hand Fighting, THE INFANTRY SCHOOL, Camp Benning, Columbus, Georgia and at United States Training Camps and Cantonments, 1917 and 1918.
In Seven Books.
BOOK THREE.
STAHARA PUBLISHING COMPANY
Columbus, Georgia, 1920.
***
This electronic version is copyright EJMAS © 2000. All rights reserved.
Contributed by Thomas J. Militello, a 15-year member of Astoria, New York's non-profit Horangi Taekwondo Dojang, which is headed by James Robison.
Readers interested in seeing film images should note the following film held by the National Archives and Record Administration:
NWDNM(m)-111-H-1180.
Title: Physical and Bayonet Training, 1918.
Scope and Content: Recruits at Camp Gordon, Georgia receive detailed instruction in boxing and jiu-jitsu. Wrestling and jiu-jitsu holds are used against a foe with a bayonet. Troops do calisthenics and play rough games calculated to make them physically fit.
35mm film, 15 minutes
Judging from responses from the US Army historians at Forts Myer and Benning, little biographical information is available concerning Captain Smith. Therefore readers with additional information are requested to contact the editor at jrsvinth@juno.com .


LESSON 9
This lesson teaches you --
1. First preliminary wrist exercise.
2. Second preliminary wrist exercise.
3. First wrist escape.
4. Second wrist escape (Book I).
5. Wrist escape and edge of hand blow.
Name of Partner Date Practice Commenced No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Make a check mark against each trick each day you practice it.


PRELIMINARY WRIST EXERCISE
Assailant seizes your right wrist with his left hand, as in fig. 58, his thumbs above and his fingers below.
Turn your forearm so that the thin edge of your wrist (the thumb edge) faces the opening between his thumb and first finger.
This opening is the weakest point in his grip.
Whip your wrist straight out of this opening.
Practice first with a pause between turning your wrist and whipping it out. Then practice it as one movement.
(In the "FIRST WRIST ESCAPE," if you find yourself trying to force the broad part of your wrist out of his grip, you should return and practice this first exercise until the proper twist of the wrist comes automatically.)


SECOND PRELIMINARY EXERCISE
Lever your wrist out of his hand by pushing your elbow round to his elbow using the edge of his hand as a fulcrum.
Swing the right side of your body towards him, pivoting on the ball of the right foot, making the effort from the Stahara.
The weakest man's Stahara is stronger than the strongest man's wrist. This lesson further teaches you to play the strength of your Stahara against his wrist.


FIRST WRIST ESCAPE
Assailant seizes your right wrist in his left hand and your left wrist in his right hand.
Release your right wrist exactly as described in second preliminary exercise.
The power of the Stahara can be used just as much in this trick as in the upward wrist escape in Book 1.
If a strong man holds your wrists too tightly when you first try this, you will forget all about the Stahara and will only use arm strength, therefore practice it at first with your wrists held lightly.
Release left wrist in the same manner, swinging on the balls of the feet, making the effort from the Stahara.
Keep the body erect and straight and the elbow in at the side.
Practice until you get the knack.


WRONG METHOD
Fig. 65 shows how not to do it. By raising your elbow this way you are using arm strength instead of Stahara strength.


WRIST ESCAPE AND EDGE OF HAND BLOW
Assailant seizes your left elbow with his right hand and your right wrist with his left hand.
Let him shove you slowly back.
You will find it difficult to free your elbow.
But you will have no difficulty in whipping your right wrist away as already taught doing it with a turn of the body.
With the same motion that frees your hand carry it to the height of Assailant's shoulder.
Strike a straight chopping blow with the edge of the right hand at Assailant's neck.
In practice put strength into the blow but stop it a few inches from his neck. With this blow it is an easy matter to knock a man out.
Also practice it with Assailant seizing your right elbow and left wrist.
When done with the proper turn of the body, that is, with the strength of the Stahara instead of strength of arm, you will find it an easy matter to slip your wrist out of a much stronger man's grasp.
At first you may be clumsy and in carrying your right hand your right hand up to your left shoulder you may strike it against his right arm.
With a little practice, however, you will execute the trick with neatness and dispatch.
This, and the other wrist tricks, train you to work with neatness and dispatch, and apart from their value as fighting tricks play an important part in educating your body.
These wrist escapes are very hard on the skin so mutually agree to hold one another's wrists lightly until the correct movement of the body is mastered. You can learn quite as effectively if the wrists are held lightly.
Ladies might be advised to wear old gloves to protect their wrists.
Practice until you can escape from a fairly strong grip, without effort, by the weight and swing of the body.
Try to get the weight of your Stahara into the first wrist escape to the same extent that you did in the upward wrist escape, Book I.
At first direct your attention towards training your own body, disregarding your opponent, in which object your opponent will assist by remaining stationary, and so simplifying your task.
After your body has acquired the correct motion begin to watch Assailant's body, he may then try to prevent your escape.
You can make him relax slightly by taking away his attention, by some remark, or by pretending to kick him, or in a fight by actually kicking, say, his shins, then escape when his grip momentarily weakens.
You now know two simple wrist escapes -- the first wrist escape of this lesson, and the upward (second) wrist escape of Book I. If your Assailant frustrates your attempt to get away with one, you can instantly try the other, and escape.
Even if the effort to escape tears your skin you can still lever your wrists out of a powerful grip, but if you go tearing one another's skin at the start it will interfere with your practice.


LESSON 10
This lesson teaches you: --
1. The upward single wrist escape.
2. The downward single wrist escape.
Name of Partner Date Commenced Upward Wrist Escape Downward Wrist Escape
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Make a check mark against each trick each day you practice it.


UPWARD SINGLE WRIST ESCAPE
Assailant seizes your right wrist with both his hands, with his thumbs above and his fingers below.
Step forward and drop down exactly as described in Book 1, so that your elbow is below his hands and bent in an acute angle with the Stahara behind.
With the weight of your body, force your wrist up and out of his grasp.
Besides being a valuable wrist trick, it trains you to put the weight of your body into any given movement. Always work with the strength of your body against the strength of Assailant's arms, getting him off balance while doing so.
After a little practice you will execute this trick so swiftly that you make the downward and upward movement before he has time to prevent you getting your elbow below his wrists.


DOWNWARD SINGLE WRIST ESCAPE
Assailant seizes your right wrist with both his hands.
He twists his hands around until the palms (instead of just his thumbs) are above your wrist.
This makes the previous mode of escape impossible.
With a turn of the body bring your elbow perpendicularly over your fist.
With the weight of your body, force your hand down through his fingers.
Push him off balance with your shoulder and his grip will still further weaken.
You may make a feint as if going to try to force your wrist up as in the previous trick and then suddenly change your tactics, bring your elbow above your fist instead of beneath it.
The two tricks taught in Lesson 10 train your ability further to play the strength of your body against the strength of Assailant's arms: to use your balance against his balance.
Every fresh step you make along these lines makes it easier to apply these principles in all other tricks.
Do not make the mistake of thinking that some of these lessons or tricks are superfluous or uninteresting.
A great many simple tricks are given here for the purpose of teaching you anatomy, not the anatomy of the college textbook which teaches you to name each part of your body, but the practical anatomy of the jujutsu man who knows what part of his opponent's body to seize, and how to use each part of his own body to the greatest advantage.


LESSON 11
This lesson teaches you: --
1. Escape when Assailant seizes you with the under grip.
2. How to reinforce the grip of the hands with the strength of the Stahara.
3. Escape when held with such a grip.
In Lessons 9 and 10, Assailants were above your wrists. In this lesson his thumbs are below your wrists.

Name of Partner Date Commenced No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Make a check mark against each trick each day you practice it.


UNDERHAND GRIP -- DOWNWARD ESCAPE, BOTH WRISTS
Assailant seizes your wrists with his thumbs beneath your wrists. (In the previous tricks his thumbs were above your wrists.)
Keep your wrists straight, use the sharp bone of wrist as a knife.
Come straight down on second knuckle joint of Assailant's thumb as if trying to cut it out.
Step back with one foot as you pull and cut. Draw your elbows down and in to your side. Keep your body erect and make the effort from the Stahara.
The first part of the escape comes from the weight of your body pulling your opponent off balance. The finishing part is the cut of the hands.
These are done simultaneously after the trick is mastered, but you will acquire the knack more quickly if you try to distinguish these two factors in your first practice.


WRONG METHOD
The wrong method is to hold the elbows away from the sides and try to escape by the strength of your arms.
(It is easy to dislocate a man's thumbs by vigorously doing this trick so in practice hold each other lightly. In this way you will save your thumbs and so be able to practice more.)


DOWNWARD ESCAPE -- CONTINUED
Seize opponent's wrists. Hold the heel of your hand beneath his wrists so that when he tries to cut down he is cutting against your palms instead of against your thumbs.
Reinforce the strength of hands by holding your forearms perpendicular, elbows resting on your Stahara, like the man on the left in figure 79. In this way you can hold him indefinitely.
Now, if you are seized in this manner, bring your wrists nearer each other until they almost touch.
Your sharp wrist bones are now directly above the second joint of his thumbs (instead of above his palms), and you can cut down as previously described.
Step back in such a manner that the mere strength of his grip on your wrists brings him on his tiptoes, thus unbalancing him. Then cut down and escape.
By unbalancing an opponent, you make him unable to bring more than 20% of his strength to bear.
By keeping your own balance (by paying attention to your Stahara), you can bring 100% of your strength to bear on him.


SUMMARY
Thus described these movements are absurdly simple. It is by studying each trick in its simplest component parts that you can master it without a teacher.
These photos show a great deal more than merely how to escape from a wristhold.
The first series shows how to play the strength of the body against the effort of his wrists.
The second shows how to sidestep, as it were, that strength.
The third shows how to use his own strength to unbalance him.
We are using these simple methods to train your body in the Stahara method.
A man seizes your wrists in one of two ways, his thumb is either above your wrist, or else his thumb is below your wrist.
Practice Lessons 9 and 10 until you no longer hesitate about applying the proper escape when your wrists are seized with Assailant's thumb above.
Then practice Lesson 11 until you act without hesitation, with the correct escape, when Assailant's thumb above.
You will then never be confused, no matter how your wrists are seized. A man might seize one of your wrists with one thumb down and your other wrist with his thumb up. Do not pay any attention to these variations until you have mastered the fundamental methods given here. You will then be able to take care of all the variations.
***
These lessons are built with a view to the cumulative effect on your manner of handling yourself. You will do all the other lessons better after you have studied Book 3, and will do Book 3 better after you have studied the others.
***
There are numerous other ways of escaping from wrist holds, but the object of this course has been not to dazzle the eye by an infinite variety of tricks, but to train you to do some essential tricks with the real knack of a jujitsu man, by using the other fellow's strength against him, and by reinforcing the strength of your limbs by the strength of your Stahara.
For this purpose you are made to do certain movements while Assailant is holding you in various ways, and the sum total of the experience you get will be that you begin to use your body properly.
The Secrets of Jujitsu, A Complete Course in Self Defense, Book IV
By Captain Allan Corstorphin Smith, U.S.A.
Winner of the Black Belt, Japan, 1916. Instructor of Hand-to-Hand Fighting, THE INFANTRY SCHOOL, Camp Benning, Columbus, Georgia and at United States Training Camps and Cantonments, 1917 and 1918.
In Seven Books.
BOOK FOUR
STAHARA PUBLISHING COMPANY
Columbus, Georgia, 1920.
***
This electronic version is copyright EJMAS © 2000. All rights reserved.
Contributed by Thomas J. Militello, a 15-year member of Astoria, New York's non-profit Horangi Taekwondo Dojang, which is headed by James Robison.
Readers interested in seeing film images should note the following film held by the National Archives and Record Administration:
NWDNM(m)-111-H-1180.
Title: Physical and Bayonet Training, 1918.
Scope and Content: Recruits at Camp Gordon, Georgia receive detailed instruction in boxing and jiu-jitsu. Wrestling and jiu-jitsu holds are used against a foe with a bayonet. Troops do calisthenics and play rough games calculated to make them physically fit.
35mm film, 15 minutes
See also Don W. Farrant, "Vintage Jujitsu: World War I Style," .
Judging from responses from the US Army historians at Forts Myer and Benning, little biographical information is available concerning Captain Smith. Therefore readers with additional information are requested to contact the editor at jrsvinth@juno.com .
SEIZED FROM BEHIND -- Fig. 82
If an assailant seizes you around the waist from behind, you may be able to get one of his fingers and so pry his grip open.
If he is a strong man, however, you will have difficulty in getting hold of a finger, and you will simply lose time making the effort.
Further, you will accomplish little, even if you break his hold, for he is still behind you and can strike you, or get a hold on you.
In a real fight if you broke his fingers he would kick, with more effect on you than breaking his fingers had on him.
LESSON 12
This lesson teaches you --
How to make the elbow blow to the solar plexus when seized from behind above the arms.
It also teaches you to keep your balance, and makes you expert in the use of the elbow blow under any circumstances.

Name of Partner Date Commenced Elbow blow to the solar plexus when seized form behind above arms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Make a check mark against each trick each day you practice it.


SEIZED AROUND WAIST FROM BEHIND ABOVE ARMS
"TAKE HOLD".
When an Assailant seizes you around the waist from behind the most effective defense and the quickest escape is the elbow blow.
"ONE"
If his great strength makes movement impossible, stamp with your heel on his instep or kick him savagely on the shin.
Such a trick will momentarily weaken his hold and in that psychological moment twist down and out.
In practice make the kick with the strength of your whole body, not merely with the leg muscles. "Put your Stahara into it," but stop a few inches from the mark at which you aim.
"TWO"
Slip down through his arms, turning the left hip forward, swinging on the balls of the feet, making the effort from the Stahara.
Simultaneously bring your right elbow directly in front and six or eight inches away from his solar plexus (the pit of his stomach).
"THREE'
Drive your elbow into his solar plexus. In practice put all your force into the blow but stop it three or four inches from the target.
This blow properly delivered will knock him out. If not, repeat it till he drops.
Assailant must hold you lightly. In a real attack he would hold you tightly but the kick you would give would loosen his grip.
In order not to forget this kick in a real fight always practice it, counting audibly:

"TAKE HOLD" Assailant seizes you.
"ONE" Simulate the kick with all your strength.
"TWO" Twist down out of his grip, bringing elbow forward.
"THREE" Drive elbow back.
You will soon acquire a Houdini-like expertness in wriggling out of Assailant's grip, if you practice steadily. This practice is a most valuable exercise as it reaches every muscle in your body and teaches you to coordinate your movements.
It makes you alert and able to take advantage of an opening. The untrained man would be so clumsy, and delay so long after the kick, that he would lose the advantage of Assailant's momentary weakness.
When an Assailant has you in any kind of a grip that prevents your delivering a vital blow, always make a primary attack, which, though not sufficient in itself to defeat him, puts you in a position to deliver the real blow.
This practice trains you in the principle. Merely reading it is not enough, you must practice it.
This is a course in Fighting Jujitsu, not Competitive Jujitsu, so do not get the idea that kicking is allowed in a Jujitsu mach. This practice must all be done formally.
In repeated practices, the man behind knows what you are going to do each time, and it is an easy matter for him to prevent you by tightening his arms every time start making a move, and by dropping his body with you every time you drop.
This is a useless way to practice. The man who takes the role of Assailant must reproduce the conditions of an actual fight in which you would execute your defense before Assailant had time to change his tactics.
Repeated practice will make you quick enough to knock a man out before he grips with his full strength.
Practicing this trick will develop your reflex action until you have a hair-trigger mind.


LESSON 13
This lesson teaches you --
How to make the elbow blow to the neck when seized from behind below the arms.
It gives you further experience in keeping your balance, and in becoming expert with the elbow blow.

Name of Partner Date Commenced Elbow blow to the neck when seized from behind below arms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Make a check mark against each trick each day you practice it.


DEFENCE WHEN SEIZED BELOW ARMS FROM BEHIND
"ONE"
When an Assailant seizes you around your waist from behind, passing his arms beneath your arms, you cannot strike him in the solar plexus with your elbow, his arms are in the way.
First strike him violently on the nose with the back of your head.
In practice put all your strength into this effort. Make the whole body deliver the blow, not the neck muscles alone.
Stop the blow a few inches from his nose.
"TWO"
His head flies back and his muscles loosen, momentarily at least.
At this moment swing your right elbow round onto his neck or the point of his jaw, making the blow come not from the arm muscles but from the Stahara.
Turn on the balls of the feet.
"THREE"
If he ducks to the left swing to your left and give him your left elbow on the jaw or the neck.
Stop the blow a couple of inches from the target but put all your force into it.
As he staggers back repeat the blow to the abdomen, giving him the quietus.


QUICK THINKING IN MOMEMENTS OF DANGER
You hear a lot about "Quick-thinking" in moments of danger. Most of the quick-thinking is simply the trained man's subconscious acting as it has been trained to do by long practice.
This course will train you in this way. You will begin to realize this when you instinctively give the elbow blow to the solar plexus when seized above the arms and to the neck when seized below the arms.
Merely reading this course will not train you to readiness of action but practice of these two tricks will.


WHEN ATTACKED BY A RUSH FROM BEHIND
The elbow blow has a far wider field of application than the two examples given here.
The best way to deal with a rush from a footpad who attacks you suddenly from some dark alley, at night, is the elbow blow.
The way to acquire an ability to use it in any emergency is to practice these two tricks till it becomes second nature to use your body in the correct manner.
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